Artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence is a term that encompasses many definitions.

Most experts agree that AI is concerned with two basic ideas. First, it involves studying the thought processes of humans; second, it deals with representing those processes via machines.

One well-publicized definition of IA is as follows:

AI is behavior by a machine that, if performed by human being, would be called intelligent.

Another definition given by rich and knight (1991):

“AI is study of how to make computers do things at which, at the moment, people are better.”

AI have many objectives, the major of them are:

The potential value of Artificial intelligence can be better understood by contrasting it with natural, or human intelligence, so AI has several important advantages like:

·        AI is more permanent than natural intelligence because natural intelligence is perishable from a commercial standpoint in that workers can change their place of employment or forget information. However, AI is permanent as long as the computer systems and programs remain unchanged.

·        AI can be less expensive than natural intelligence, because there are many circumstances in which buying computer services costs less than having corresponding human power carry out the same tasks.

·        AI, being a computer technology, is consistent and thorough. Natural intelligence is erratic because people are erratic, they do not always perform consistently.

·        AI can perform certain tasks better than many or even most people.

·        AI can execute certain tasks faster than a human can.

But natural intelligence has several advantages over Artificial Intelligence.

Some of them are:

·        Natural intelligence is creative, whereas AI is rather uninspired. The ability to acquire knowledge is inherent in human beings, but with AI, knowledge must be built into a carefully constructed system.

·        Natural intelligence enables people to benefit from and use sensory experience directly, whereas most AI systems must work with symbolic input and representations.

·        Perhaps most importantly, human reasoning is able to use at all times a wide context of experience and bring that to bear on individual problems. In contrast, AI systems typically gain their power by a very narrow focus.

Artificial intelligence is not in it itself a commercial field; but it is a science and a technology. It a collection of concepts and ideas that are appropriate for research. However, AI provides the scientific foundation for several growing commercial technologies. The major areas are expert systems, natural language processing, speech understanding, fuzzy logic, robotics and sensory systems, vision and scene recognition.